C# -- 等待异步操作执行完成的方式
1. 等待异步操作的完成，代码实现：
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Func mySum1 = SumNumbers; Func mySum2 = SumNumbers; Func mySum3 = SumNumbers; AsyncCallback callback = c => Console.WriteLine("线程ID:{0},回调函数执行:{1}",Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId,c.AsyncState); IAsyncResult result1= mySum1.BeginInvoke(10000, callback, "第一个异步"); IAsyncResult result2= mySum2.BeginInvoke(10000, callback, "第二个异步"); IAsyncResult result3= mySum3.BeginInvoke(10000, callback, "第三个异步"); //异步等待方式1：使用EndInvoke int asyc1 = mySum1.EndInvoke(result1); Console.WriteLine("第一个异步已经执行完成，结果:{0}",asyc1); //异步等待方式2：使用AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne，参数-1表示一直等待到执行完成 if (result2.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(-1)) { Console.WriteLine("第二个异步执行完成"); } //异步等待方式3：使用IsCompleted判断 while (!result3.IsCompleted) { Console.WriteLine("第三个异步还在执行中...."); Thread.Sleep(300); } Console.WriteLine("第三个异步执行完成"); Console.ReadKey(); } public static int SumNumbers(int count) { int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { sum += i; } Thread.Sleep(3000); return sum; } }
2. 代码执行结果：
C# -- 使用委托 delegate 执行异步操作
委托是一种安全地封装方法的类型，它与 C 和 C++ 中的函数指针类似。 与 C 中的函数指针不同，委托是面向对象的、类型安全的和保险的。
委托的类型由委托的名称定义。
1. 使用委托异步执行方法
class Program { public delegate void myWorking(string s); static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("主线程开始....线程ID:{0}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); myWorking myWork1 = new myWorking(w1 => Working(w1)); myWorking myWork2 = new myWorking(w2 => Working(w2)); myWorking myWork3 = new myWorking(w3 => Working(w3)); myWorking myWork4 = new myWorking(w4 => Working(w4)); myWorking myWork5 = new myWorking(w5 => Working(w5)); //回调函数 AsyncCallback callback=new AsyncCallback(s=>Console.WriteLine("执行完成，线程ID:{0}",Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId)); //BeginInvoke异步执行，会新启动其他线程去执行代码 myWork1.BeginInvoke("唱歌", callback,null); myWork2.BeginInvoke("写代码", callback, null); myWork3.BeginInvoke("查资料", callback, null); myWork4.BeginInvoke("交作业", callback, null); myWork5.BeginInvoke("检查", callback, null); Console.WriteLine("主线程结束....线程ID:{0}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); Console.ReadKey(); } private static void Working(string strWork) { Console.WriteLine(strWork+".....线程ID:{0}",Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); Thread.Sleep(3000); } } 2. 执行结果：
JavaScript -- 原型：prototype的使用
在 JavaScript 中，prototype 是函数的一个属性，同时也是由构造函数创建的对象的一个属性。 函数的原型为对象。 它主要在函数用作构造函数时使用。
可以使用 prototype 属性向对象添加属性和方法，甚至于已创建的对象也是如此。
1. 举例：
Document
2. 运行结果:
1、执行多条SQL语句，实现数据库事务
2、执行一条计算查询结果语句，返回查询结果（object）
3、执行查询语句，返回SqlDataReader ( 注意：调用该方法后，一定要对SqlDataReader进行Close )
4、执行查询语句，返回DataTable
5、执行查询语句，返回DataSet
6、执行存储过程，返回SqlDataReader ( 注意：调用该方法后，一定要对SqlDataReader进行Close )
7、执行存储过程，带参数
8、构建 SqlCommand 对象(用来返回一个结果集，而不是一个整数值)
9、执行存储过程，返回影响的行数
10、创建 SqlCommand 对象实例(用来返回一个整数值)
using System;using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Specialized;using System.Data;using System.Data.SqlClient;using System.Configuration;using System.Data.Common;using System.Collections.Generic;namespace DAL{ /// /// 数据访问抽象基础类 /// Copyright (C) 2004-2008 By LiTianPing /// public abstract class DbHelperSQL { //数据库连接字符串(web.config来配置)，可以动态更改connectionString支持多数据库. //private const string connectionString = "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=数据库名称;User ID=sa;Password=数据库密码"; public static string connectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["Data"].ConnectionString; public DbHelperSQL() { } #region 公用方法 /// /// 判断是否存在某表的某个字段 /// /// 表名称 /// 列名称 /// 是否存在 public static bool ColumnExists(string tableName, string columnName) { string sql = "select count(1) from syscolumns where [id]=object_id('" + tableName + "') and [name]='" + columnName + "'"; object res = GetSingle(sql); if (res == null) { return false; } return Convert.ToInt32(res) > 0; } public static int GetMaxID(string FieldName, string TableName) { string strsql = "select max(" + FieldName + ")+1 from " + TableName; object obj = GetSingle(strsql); if (obj == null) { return 1; } else { return int.Parse(obj.ToString()); } } public static bool Exists(string strSql) { object obj = GetSingle(strSql); int cmdresult; if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value))) { cmdresult = 0; } else { cmdresult = int.Parse(obj.ToString()); } if (cmdresult == 0) { return false; } else { return true; } } /// /// 表是否存在 /// /// /// /// 执行SQL语句，返回影响的记录数 /// /// SQL语句 /// 影响的记录数 public static int ExecuteSql(string SQLString) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SQLString, connection)) { try { connection.Open(); int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); return rows; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { connection.Close(); throw e; } } } } public static int ExecuteSqlByTime(string SQLString, int Times) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SQLString, connection)) { try { connection.Open(); cmd.CommandTimeout = Times; int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); return rows; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { connection.Close(); throw e; } } } } /// /// 执行多条SQL语句，实现数据库事务。 /// /// 多条SQL语句 public static int ExecuteSqlTran(List SQLStringList) { using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { conn.Open(); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); cmd.Connection = conn; SqlTransaction tx = conn.BeginTransaction(); cmd.Transaction = tx; try { int count = 0; for (int n = 0; n < SQLStringList.Count; n++) { string strsql = SQLStringList[n]; if (strsql.Trim().Length > 1) { cmd.CommandText = strsql; count += cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } } tx.Commit(); return count; } catch { tx.Rollback(); return 0; } } } /// /// 执行带一个存储过程参数的的SQL语句。 /// /// SQL语句 /// 参数内容,比如一个字段是格式复杂的文章，有特殊符号，可以通过这个方式添加 /// 影响的记录数 public static int ExecuteSql(string SQLString, string content) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SQLString, connection); System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter myParameter = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter("@content", SqlDbType.NText); myParameter.Value = content; cmd.Parameters.Add(myParameter); try { connection.Open(); int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); return rows; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } finally { cmd.Dispose(); connection.Close(); } } } /// /// 执行带一个存储过程参数的的SQL语句。 /// /// SQL语句 /// 参数内容,比如一个字段是格式复杂的文章，有特殊符号，可以通过这个方式添加 /// 影响的记录数 public static object ExecuteSqlGet(string SQLString, string content) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SQLString, connection); System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter myParameter = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter("@content", SqlDbType.NText); myParameter.Value = content; cmd.Parameters.Add(myParameter); try { connection.Open(); object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value))) { return null; } else { return obj; } } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } finally { cmd.Dispose(); connection.Close(); } } } /// /// 向数据库里插入图像格式的字段(和上面情况类似的另一种实例) /// /// SQL语句 /// 图像字节,数据库的字段类型为image的情况 /// 影响的记录数 public static int ExecuteSqlInsertImg(string strSQL, byte[] fs) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(strSQL, connection); System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter myParameter = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter("@fs", SqlDbType.Image); myParameter.Value = fs; cmd.Parameters.Add(myParameter); try { connection.Open(); int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); return rows; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } finally { cmd.Dispose(); connection.Close(); } } } /// /// 执行一条计算查询结果语句，返回查询结果（object）。 /// /// 计算查询结果语句 /// 查询结果（object） public static object GetSingle(string SQLString) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SQLString, connection)) { try { connection.Open(); object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value))) { return null; } else { return obj; } } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { connection.Close(); throw e; } } } } public static object GetSingle(string SQLString, int Times) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SQLString, connection)) { try { connection.Open(); cmd.CommandTimeout = Times; object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value))) { return null; } else { return obj; } } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { connection.Close(); throw e; } } } } /// /// 执行查询语句，返回SqlDataReader ( 注意：调用该方法后，一定要对SqlDataReader进行Close ) /// /// 查询语句 /// SqlDataReader public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string strSQL) { SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(strSQL, connection); try { connection.Open(); SqlDataReader myReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection); return myReader; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } } /// /// 执行查询语句，返回DataSet /// /// 查询语句 /// DataSet public static DataSet Query(string SQLString) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { DataSet ds = new DataSet(); try { connection.Open(); SqlDataAdapter command = new SqlDataAdapter(SQLString, connection); command.Fill(ds, "ds"); } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } return ds; } } /// /// 执行查询语句，返回pageDataSet /// /// 查询语句 /// DataSet public static DataSet pageQuery(string SQLString, int PageIndex, int PageSize) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { DataSet ds = new DataSet(); try { connection.Open(); SqlDataAdapter command = new SqlDataAdapter(SQLString, connection); command.Fill(ds, PageIndex, PageSize, "ds"); } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } return ds; } } public static DataSet Query(string SQLString, int Times) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { DataSet ds = new DataSet(); try { connection.Open(); SqlDataAdapter command = new SqlDataAdapter(SQLString, connection); command.SelectCommand.CommandTimeout = Times; command.Fill(ds, "ds"); } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } return ds; } } #endregion #region 执行带参数的SQL语句 /// /// 执行SQL语句，返回影响的记录数 /// /// SQL语句 /// 影响的记录数 public static int ExecuteSql(string SQLString, params SqlParameter[] cmdParms) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand()) { try { PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, SQLString, cmdParms); int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); return rows; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } } } } /// /// 执行多条SQL语句，实现数据库事务。 /// /// SQL语句的哈希表（key为sql语句，value是该语句的SqlParameter[]） public static void ExecuteSqlTran(Hashtable SQLStringList) { using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { conn.Open(); using (SqlTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction()) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); try { //循环 foreach (DictionaryEntry myDE in SQLStringList) { string cmdText = myDE.Key.ToString(); SqlParameter[] cmdParms = (SqlParameter[])myDE.Value; PrepareCommand(cmd, conn, trans, cmdText, cmdParms); int val = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); } trans.Commit(); } catch { trans.Rollback(); throw; } } } } /// /// 执行多条SQL语句，实现数据库事务。 /// /// SQL语句的哈希表（key为sql语句，value是该语句的SqlParameter[]） public static void ExecuteSqlTranWithIndentity(Hashtable SQLStringList) { using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { conn.Open(); using (SqlTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction()) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); try { int indentity = 0; //循环 foreach (DictionaryEntry myDE in SQLStringList) { string cmdText = myDE.Key.ToString(); SqlParameter[] cmdParms = (SqlParameter[])myDE.Value; foreach (SqlParameter q in cmdParms) { if (q.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput) { q.Value = indentity; } } PrepareCommand(cmd, conn, trans, cmdText, cmdParms); int val = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); foreach (SqlParameter q in cmdParms) { if (q.Direction == ParameterDirection.Output) { indentity = Convert.ToInt32(q.Value); } } cmd.Parameters.Clear(); } trans.Commit(); } catch { trans.Rollback(); throw; } } } } /// /// 执行一条计算查询结果语句，返回查询结果（object）。 /// /// 计算查询结果语句 /// 查询结果（object） public static object GetSingle(string SQLString, params SqlParameter[] cmdParms) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand()) { try { PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, SQLString, cmdParms); object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value))) { return null; } else { return obj; } } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } } } } /// /// 执行查询语句，返回SqlDataReader ( 注意：调用该方法后，一定要对SqlDataReader进行Close ) /// /// 查询语句 /// SqlDataReader public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string SQLString, params SqlParameter[] cmdParms) { SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); try { PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, SQLString, cmdParms); SqlDataReader myReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); return myReader; } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e) { throw e; } // finally // { // cmd.Dispose(); // connection.Close(); // } } /// /// 执行查询语句，返回DataTable /// /// 查询语句 /// DataTable public static DataTable GetDataTable(string SQLString, params SqlParameter[] cmdParms) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, SQLString, cmdParms); using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd)) { DataSet ds = new DataSet(); try { da.Fill(ds, "ds"); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } return ds.Tables[0]; } } } /// /// 执行查询语句，返回DataSet /// /// 查询语句 /// DataSet public static DataSet PageQuery(string SQLString, int PageIndex, int PageSize, params SqlParameter[] cmdParms) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, SQLString, cmdParms); using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd)) { DataSet ds = new DataSet(); try { da.Fill(ds,PageIndex, PageSize, "ds"); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); } catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } return ds; } } } private static void PrepareCommand(SqlCommand cmd, SqlConnection conn, SqlTransaction trans, string cmdText, SqlParameter[] cmdParms) { if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open) conn.Open(); cmd.Connection = conn; cmd.CommandText = cmdText; if (trans != null) cmd.Transaction = trans; cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;//cmdType; if (cmdParms != null) { foreach (SqlParameter parameter in cmdParms) { if ((parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput || parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.Input) && (parameter.Value == null)) { parameter.Value = DBNull.Value; } cmd.Parameters.Add(parameter); } } } #endregion #region 存储过程操作 /// /// 执行存储过程，返回SqlDataReader ( 注意：调用该方法后，一定要对SqlDataReader进行Close ) /// /// 存储过程名 /// 存储过程参数 /// SqlDataReader public static SqlDataReader RunProcedure(string storedProcName, IDataParameter[] parameters) { SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString); SqlDataReader returnReader; connection.Open(); SqlCommand command = BuildQueryCommand(connection, storedProcName, parameters); command.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; returnReader = command.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection); return returnReader; } /// /// 执行存储过程 /// /// 存储过程名 /// 存储过程参数 /// DataSet结果中的表名 /// DataSet public static DataSet RunProcedure(string storedProcName, IDataParameter[] parameters, string tableName) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { DataSet dataSet = new DataSet(); connection.Open(); SqlDataAdapter sqlDA = new SqlDataAdapter(); sqlDA.SelectCommand = BuildQueryCommand(connection, storedProcName, parameters); sqlDA.Fill(dataSet, tableName); connection.Close(); return dataSet; } } public static DataSet RunProcedure(string storedProcName, IDataParameter[] parameters, string tableName, int Times) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { DataSet dataSet = new DataSet(); connection.Open(); SqlDataAdapter sqlDA = new SqlDataAdapter(); sqlDA.SelectCommand = BuildQueryCommand(connection, storedProcName, parameters); sqlDA.SelectCommand.CommandTimeout = Times; sqlDA.Fill(dataSet, tableName); connection.Close(); return dataSet; } } /// /// 构建 SqlCommand 对象(用来返回一个结果集，而不是一个整数值) /// /// 数据库连接 /// 存储过程名 /// 存储过程参数 /// SqlCommand private static SqlCommand BuildQueryCommand(SqlConnection connection, string storedProcName, IDataParameter[] parameters) { SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(storedProcName, connection); command.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; foreach (SqlParameter parameter in parameters) { if (parameter != null) { // 检查未分配值的输出参数,将其分配以DBNull.Value. if ((parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput || parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.Input) && (parameter.Value == null)) { parameter.Value = DBNull.Value; } command.Parameters.Add(parameter); } } return command; } /// /// 执行存储过程，返回影响的行数 /// /// 存储过程名 /// 存储过程参数 /// 影响的行数 /// /// 创建 SqlCommand 对象实例(用来返回一个整数值) /// /// 存储过程名 /// 存储过程参数 /// SqlCommand 对象实例 private static SqlCommand BuildIntCommand(SqlConnection connection, string storedProcName, IDataParameter[] parameters) { SqlCommand command = BuildQueryCommand(connection, storedProcName, parameters); command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("ReturnValue", SqlDbType.Int, 4, ParameterDirection.ReturnValue, false, 0, 0, string.Empty, DataRowVersion.Default, null)); return command; } #endregion }}
获取控制器名称：
ViewContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString();
获取Action名称：
ViewContext.RouteData.Values["action"].ToString();
获取路由参数值：
ViewContext.RouteData.Values[名称].ToString();
如：ViewContext.RouteData.Values["ID"].ToString(); 获取ID的值
获取area名称
在代码中：
ControllerContext.RouteData.DataTokens["area"]
在View中：
ViewContext.RouteData.DataTokens["area"]
代码如下：
var action = ViewContext.RouteData.Values["Action"].ToString().ToLower(); var controllerName = ViewContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString().ToLower();var areaName = ViewContext.RouteData.DataTokens["area"].ToString().ToLower(); var modalID = Request["ModalID"];//举例，url如 edit?modalid=1